The active ingredients encapsulated in the “Corneum Delivery” systems are delivered specifically to the superficial layers of the  epidermis -the stratum corneum- for a more intense and precise effect at this level.

The use of these superficial delivery systems substantially increases the concentration of the active ingredient in the stratum corneum, minimalising penetration at deeper levels. This is particularly useful in  avoiding unwanted effects that can be caused at this level, for example when using active ingredients  with a high irritant capability. The Corneum Delivery systems are especially useful for the encapsulation of alpha-hydroxy acids as  they facilitate a very low pH level in the nanovesicles, irrespective of the average pH where they are made.  As a consequence, practically all of the acid concentration in the nanovesicle remains unseparated until its release in the stratum corneum. This facilitates a reduction in the necessary dosage of AHA and  the use of more physiologically formulated pHs. Furthermore, the phospholipids and ceramides which compose the nanovesicle quickly repair any damage caused by the AHA, recuperating the skin barrier and notably increasing the tolerance level.

Recommended additions: 1-10%

Heavy metal content <0.5ppm